Introduction The peripheral nervous system consists of nerve elements outside the brain and spinal cord. It contains both peripheral nerves and elements of the autonomic nervous system. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system can result in significant hemodynamic changes as…
Anatomy of the vertebral column and spinal cord The vertebral column consists of 24 individual vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar), in addition to the sacrum and coccyx. Basic anatomy of individual vertebrae and the vertebral column is…
Cerebral physiology Cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and metabolism Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is modulated by cerebral metabolic rate, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, the difference between the mean arterial pressure [MAP] and intracranial pressure [ICP]), and arterial blood carbon dioxide…
Introduction The peripheral nervous system consists of nerve elements outside the brain and spinal cord. It contains both peripheral nerves and elements of the autonomic nervous system. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system can result in significant hemodynamic changes as…
Anatomy of the vertebral column and spinal cord The vertebral column consists of 24 individual vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar), in addition to the sacrum and coccyx. Basic anatomy of individual vertebrae and the vertebral column is…
Cerebral physiology Cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and metabolism Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is modulated by cerebral metabolic rate, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, the difference between the mean arterial pressure [MAP] and intracranial pressure [ICP]), and arterial blood carbon dioxide…