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Scenario A 32-year-old woman had been involved in a farm equipment accident several years earlier and required reconstruction of her right upper extremity with multiple skin grafts and muscle transfers. She had lost one and a half fingers on her…
Scenario A 42-year-old man came into the clinic as a referral to reposition or at least evaluate his spinal cord stimulator system. He had a long history of several revisions which he described at some length after a series of…
Scenario A 49-year-old woman is referred for placement of a spinal cord stimulator from a physiatrist who sees many patients with persisting back pain and failed back surgery syndrome in general. Although this physician does place trial leads in some…
Scenario A 52-year-old man is referred for placement of a cervical spine paddle lead after a successful trial by a pain physician in the community. He has had two anterior cervical discectomies with fusion in the past, at two separate…
Scenario A 42-year-old woman is referred for placement of a paddle lead and implantable pulse generator (IPG) after a successful trial by an outside pain physician in the community. The woman has had three prior lumbar spine surgeries: initially, an…
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide major source of lifelong morbidity and mortality. It is the leading cause of death in North America for individuals between the ages of 1 and 45. The societal cost is substantial, with approximately…
NeuroPace Model RNS-300M Model RNS 320 RNS system cortical strips—CL315-10, CL-325-10, CL-335-10 RNS system depth leads—DL-330-3.5, DL-330-10, DL-344-3.5, DL-344-10 Nevro Corporation Senza Omnia IPG—NIPG2500 Surpass paddle leads—LEAD3005-50B and LEAD3005-70B Omnia percutaneous leads—LEAD1058-50B, LEAD1058-70B, LEAD1058-90B LivaNova PLC 100 NCP IPG Sentiva…
Introduction As neuromodulation therapies become a treatment standard for a variety of disorders including medically refractory Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia, pain syndromes, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and other future indications, more is being learned about the longevity and function…
Introduction All of neuromodulation is dependent on the delivery of a waveform comprised of electromagnetic fields to nervous system tissues in the human body. We are setting aside for now the types of neuromodulation working within the realm of light,…