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Key points Lung morphogenesis begins with the formation of the tracheal and bronchial buds. Subsequent branching morphogenesis forms the respiratory tubules, the acini, and the alveolar regions of the lung required for gas exchange after birth. Lung morphogenesis is dependent…
Introduction In vertebrates, adaptation to a nonaqueous respiratory environment was achieved by the development of lungs, which provide an extensive surface area for gas exchange. The unique physicochemical boundary between respiratory gases and the alveolar epithelium creates a region of…