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1 Introduction A century ago it was well established that the infusion of pituitary extract into animals could cause antidiuresis and a concentrated urine. The structure of this neurohypophyseal hormone, mammalian vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was discovered in…
Concentrated urine is produced through the generation of an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla. The gradient in the outer medulla is widely believed to be generated by means of a mechanism in which an osmotic pressure difference is amplified…