Introduction Over the last decades, cardiovascular monitoring techniques used in the intensive care unit (ICU) and operating room (OR) have progressively evolved from invasive toward less invasive approaches. In the 1990s, the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) was at its apogee,…
Rationale for using inotropic therapy in the critically ill Two different objectives for using inotropes in the critically ill have been considered: (1) the attempt to improve cardiac function in patients with low blood flow related to reduced myocardial contractility…
Introduction Over the last decades, cardiovascular monitoring techniques used in the intensive care unit (ICU) and operating room (OR) have progressively evolved from invasive toward less invasive approaches. In the 1990s, the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) was at its apogee,…