The Differences Between Injectable Fillers Available in the United States: Pearls for Understanding and Achieving Optimum Outcomes Julie A. Woodward Author’s Note: The science of filler injection is complex and ever-changing. It seems pretty simple to uncap a needle and…
Synonyms ▪ Botulinum toxin type A, botulinum A exotoxin, BoNT-A; onabotulinumtoxinA – BOTOX®/BOTOX Cosmetic®; abobotulinumtoxinA – Dysport®, Azzalure®; incobotulinumtoxinA – Xeomin®/Bocouture® ▪ Botulinum toxin type B, BoNT-B; rimabotulinumtoxinB – MYOBLOC® Key features ▪ Botulinum toxin (BoNT) causes chemodenervation of muscles…
Summary and Key Features The lips are a defining feature of the face; enhancement of lip volume and structure through the use of fillers is a commonly requested cosmetic procedure. Ethnic variations and aesthetic preferences should be considered in the…
Summary and Key Features Soft tissue fillers are employed to restore lost frontal volume and lift the brow. The forehead is a high-risk location for complications from soft tissue filler injection. A detailed knowledge of the underlying neurovascular anatomy is…
Summary and key features Aesthetic use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) started in the glabella and upper face but has now expanded into the mid and lower face, including masseters and neck. Aesthetic facial shaping of the upper and…
Summary and key features Frontalis muscle properties (force, height, and length) influence neuromodulator treatment. When performing neuromodulator treatment of the frontalis muscle, priority should be placed on brow height over brow shape. Neuromodulator injection grid maps providing a “guide” for…
Summary and key features In the mid-1980s Dr. Jean Carruthers noticed a concomitant improvement in glabellar rhytides in a patient treated with botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) for blepharospasm. The first trial involved 18 patients and was published in 1992. By 2002,…