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1. What causes anemia in patients with kidney disease? The anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is primarily caused by deficiency of erythropoietin (EPO). The kidneys are the major source of EPO, and as kidney function declines, production of EPO…
Anemia Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Anemia is defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration less than 13.0 g/dL in adult men and nonmenstruating women and less than 12.0 g/dL in menstruating women. The incidence of anemia in patients with…