Questions 1 How do potassium-sparing diuretics work? Potassium-sparing diuretics block the reabsorption of sodium through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in exchange for potassium in the connecting tubule (CNT) and collecting duct (CD). Traditional potassium-sparing diuretics (amiloride, triamterene) directly block…
Questions 1 What is the epidemiology of stroke? A stroke refers to the development of focal neurological symptoms such as the sudden loss of movement, sensation, or coordination that arises due to impaired blood flow to the brain or spinal…
Questions 1 What is renovascular hypertension? Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is the elevated blood pressures resulting from significant obstruction to renal artery blood flow and decreased renal perfusion pressure. 2 What is the prevalence of RVH? RVH accounts for 1% to…
Questions 1 How does acromegaly cause hypertension, and when should it be suspected? Acromegaly is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) usually from the pituitary with peripheral target organ mediation through the excess production of insulin like growth factor…