Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex heterogeneous disease with a variety of factors influencing genetic and epigenetic changes that drive tumor initiation and progression. Alterations in the intricate system of biological checks and balances can lead to a malignant change…
Introduction Perianal sepsis is a common problem that can be handled simply and successfully if treatment is based on an understanding of its anatomy and pathophysiology. The anatomy of the anus and the surrounding areas of the pelvis and perineum…
Introduction Desmoid disease is a benign proliferation of fibroblasts that produces a spectrum of manifestations from rapidly growing tumors to indolent nodules and flat sheets of tissue that distort surrounding organs. Although desmoid disease occurs in the general population, it…
Introduction Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes account for approximately 5% of all colorectal cancers. Traditionally they have been categorized according to the number and histologic features of colorectal polyps in affected patients, although there is significant blurring of the distinction between…
Introduction Cancer is a disorder of cellular growth and differentiation that is due to a loss of function of regulatory pathways and feedback loops. Colorectal cancer is an excellent example of this mechanism because access via colonoscopy to the spectrum…
Introduction Perianal disease is the presenting symptom in 5% of patients with Crohn disease, but overall up to 80% of patients experience anal symptoms. An understanding of the pathophysiology of the anal disease is basic to appropriate management and successful…
Introduction The rectum, which is the organ of defecation, is a unique part of the gastrointestinal tract. The anatomic and physiologic characteristics peculiar to this role allow specific and sometimes unique approaches to management of neoplasms of the rectum. This…