Introduction Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital defect, affecting approximately 1% of live births ( Video 30.1A – B , Video 30.2 ) ( ; ). The population of children and adults with repaired, palliated, or unrepaired…
Introduction Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital defect, affecting approximately 1% of live births ( Video 30.1A – B , Video 30.2 ) ( ; ). The population of children and adults with repaired, palliated, or unrepaired…
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM plays a dominant role within the human body: a centrally located “powerhouse” provides oxygen and nutrients via an extensive network of vessels and capillaries throughout the body. All other organ systems depend on its normal development and…
The management of congenital heart disease (CHD) has progressed significantly over the past three decades. Most congenital heart lesions are now amenable to anatomic or physiologic repair early in infancy. Advances in diagnostic and interventional cardiology, the evolution of surgical…