Introduction The incidence of vertebral osteomyelitis is approximately 1 per 100,000 per year worldwide ; however, this incidence increases with age up to 6.5 per 100,000 among persons older than 70 years of age. Overall, vertebral infections represent 1% of…
Introduction Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is often caused by structural defects in the dura within the spinal canal or along the nerve root sleeve. Although rare, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) venous fistula has also been recognized recently as a cause of spontaneous…
Introduction Adult spinal deformities may be caused by progressive degenerative disease, iatrogenic changes, or progression of adolescent curves. It is most commonly seen in patients older than 65 years, which is also the fastest growing population in the United States.…
Introduction Penetrating injuries to the spine are often caused by gunshot wounds (GSWs). Most of the literature supporting the management guidelines of GSWs to the spine stem from military and combat medicine. The overall incidence of civilian GSWs has increased…