KEY FACTS The foot is a complex “machine” consisting of many bones and joints kept in a fine balance by many extrinsic (leg) and intrinsic (foot) muscles. Any disruption of the precise muscle balance leads to progressive deformity of the…
KEY FACTS Arch height is widely variable in the population. A “low-arched foot” is not necessarily pathologic. Acquired flatfoot refers to an abnormal loss of the arch with pain. Acquired flatfoot is a common end point of many etiologies. Posterior…
KEY FACTS The use of orthotic devices varies in a fairly significant way depending on the training and background of the prescribing practitioner. Various practitioners, including orthopaedic surgeons, podiatrists, physical therapists, and more, prescribe orthotics for various pathologies, and there…
KEY FACTS A thorough physical examination includes the following components: Inspection Palpation Assessment of motion Strength testing Examination of vascular status Stability assessment Evaluation of alignment Assessment for gastrocnemius contracture Assessment of 1st-ray mobility Inspect for swelling, scars, skin condition,…
KEY FACTS The foot and ankle comprise a complex “machine” consisting of 26 bones and joints working together. The individual parts do not work in isolation. The ankle and hindfoot are 1 part of this machine, allowing the foot to…