Description of Pathogen The family Bunyaviridae was recently reclassified, with Bunyavirales becoming an order and several new family names being designated. , However, the genera that have important human pathogens have remained relatively unchanged and include Orthohantavirus, Orthonairovirus, Bandavirus, Phlebovirus…
Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne members of the family Togaviridae. They are small, enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses. , Members of the western equine encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis serocomplexes cause encephalitis in equines and humans. Members of the Semliki…
Colorado tick fever (CTF) is an acute febrile illness caused by CTF virus, a double-stranded RNA virus in the Coltivirus genus of the family Reoviridae ( Box 215.1 ). , The virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of…
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the prototype member of the Flaviviridae (Latin flavus , “yellow,” after the jaundice seen with the disease) family of viruses. The virus causes a viral hemorrhagic fever, a systemic illness characterized by high viremia, hepatic,…
Abstract Before 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) received little attention outside Africa, Asia, and Europe, where it caused an endemic, mosquito-borne febrile illness and sporadic encephalitis. After the dramatic emergence of WNV in New York City in 1999, the virus…
Abstract Yellow fever (YF) is a vector-borne disease resulting from the transmission of the YF virus to a human from the bite of an infected mosquito. It is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. Infection in humans can…