In many respects this chapter is a prologue to the experience of working directly with the patient. Now that many aspects of functional systems neurobiology have been mastered, the opportunity to apply this knowledge is at hand. The neurologic examination…
Vision is the sensory modality that perhaps captures the imagination more than any other. Phrases such as “He is the apple of my eye,” or “Her eyes flashed with anger,” or “I see what you mean” are common in the…
Introduction The balance between apoptotic signals and survival signals determines the fate of neurons after cerebral ischemia. Unobstructed activation of caspases in pathological conditions will lead to cell death; however, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway may counteract the…
Introduction The brain requires oxygen and glucose to meet its metabolic demands, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is its supply channel. The brain has high energy requirements but limited storage capacity, which means persistent CBF is critical for its proper…