Definition Actinomycosis is an uncommon, subacute to chronic bacterial infection that induces both suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. Localized swelling with suppuration, abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinuses characterize this disease. The infection spreads contiguously and often forms draining sinuses…
Definition Anaerobic bacteria are the predominant members of the indigenous microbiota, including the skin and the oral, gastrointestinal, and vaginal mucosa ( Fig. 273-1 ; Table 273-1 ). However, the types of predominant anaerobes differ by location. TABLE 273-1 LOCATION…
Clinically important anaerobic gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) include B. fragilis group (including Bacteroides and Parabacteroides ), Prevotella , Porphyromonas , and Fusobacterium . Fusobacterium are discussed in Chapter 193 . Infections due to Porphyromonas and Prevotella (previously named Bacteroides species) are…
Clostridia are gram-positive, spore-forming bacilli that cause up to 10% of anaerobic infections and occur at diverse clinical sites. Of the more than 200 recognized species of Clostridium , <20 are associated with invasive and toxigenic human diseases. , Clostridial…
Tetanus is caused by a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani . It is common in warmer climates. Globally, 15,102 cases of tetanus were reported in 2018 and an estimated 76,600 died. Although a major cause of morbidity and mortality in…
Classification Anaerobic bacteria predominate on normal skin and among the bacterial flora of mucous membranes. , Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria are common, arise from the sites where they are normal flora (endogenous), and can be serious or life-threatening. Anaerobic…
Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria are common and may be serious and life-threatening. Anaerobes are predominant components of the bacterial flora of the normal human skin and mucous membranes and are a common cause of endogenous bacterial infections. Because of…