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SUMMARY The expectation of pain relief can exert a powerful analgesic effect, even when the pain is severe. Depending on the nature of experiences and instructions provided, a placebo analgesic effect can be elicited acutely in a very large percentage…
SUMMARY In this chapter we present an overview of pain-modulating systems with a focus on the properties of a network with major relays in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). This network exerts bidirectional control over…