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Tag Hemanshu Prabhakar
Venous Air Embolism
Definition Venous air embolism (VAE) is defined as entrainment of air in the venous circulation during any surgical procedure that may produce systemic effects. Historically, VAE was reported as early as 1667 when death was reported in animals following air…
Trigeminocardiac Reflex
Definition The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a reproducible brain stem reflex originating as a result of stimulation of the trigeminal nerve (anywhere along its course) and manifests as a sudden development of cardiac dysrhythmia up to asystole, arterial hypotension, apnea,…
Anaphylaxis
Definition The term “anaphylaxis” infuses a sense of dread irrespective of place or person but with proper information in place, it can be treated in time. The European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology defines anaphylaxis as “a severe, life-threatening,…
Postcraniotomy Pain
Definition Acute postoperative pain is defined as the pain occurring within first 24–48 h after a craniotomy. In a pilot study, De Benedittis et al. found that 60% of postcraniotomy patients suffered from moderate to severe postoperative pain. In two-thirds of…
Pain Following Spinal Surgery
After a spinal surgery, acute pain is mainly generated from the skin, muscle, vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and facet joints. Following a spine surgery, most of the patients may have moderate to severe pain for the initial 3–4 days. The intensity…
Stridor
Introduction The term stridor is derived from the Latin word stridere , meaning a harsh creaking or grating sound. It is a manifestation of a disordered airway due to air flow changes within the larynx, trachea, and bronchus. The frequency…
Intraoperative Increased Airway Pressure
Introduction Monitoring of the airway pressure is important during neurosurgical operations. Due to a variety of positions used during neurosurgery, there is a high risk of kinking endotracheal tubes (ETTs). Often, a slight increase in the airway pressure is the…
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema
Introduction Pulmonary edema is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the air spaces and interstitium of the lung. It may be due to intrinsic pathology of the lung or due to systemic factors. Hence, pulmonary edema has been traditionally…
Postoperative Hematoma
Definition Development of a postoperative hematoma is a common complication after intracranial surgery; the gravity depends on the amount of collected blood. Some amount of blood may be frequently seen on subsequent scan in almost 10.8–50% of operated patients. For…