Acute Renal Injury Overview. Acute renal failure is defined as a sudden loss of renal function that may be due to inadequate renal perfusion, renal cell injury, or obstruction to urine flow. The term acute kidney injury (AKI) has been…
Summary of Key Points Reproductive tract anomalies may present at different stages of life. Most abnormalities of the external genitalia are obvious at birth, whereas obstructive and nonobstructive lesions of the reproductive tract may be evident at birth or present…
Summary of Key Points Ultrasound can reliably characterize renal duplication, fusion, and rotational anomalies. Ultrasound is useful in evaluating renal, ureteral, and bladder anatomy in patients with suspected hydronephrosis. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (CEVUS) is a promising technique that may eventually…