Physical Address

304 North Cardinal St.
Dorchester Center, MA 02124

Tag Gretchen M. Lentz

Primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder : Etiology, Diagnosis, Management

Key points Approximately 75% of all women complain of primary dysmenorrhea. Approximately 15% have severe symptoms. Education, supportive therapy, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are the treatments of choice for primary dysmenorrhea. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) reduce the prevalence and severity…

Lower urinary tract function and disorders: Physiology of Micturition, Voiding Dysfunction, Urinary Incontinence, Urinary Tract Infections, and Painful Bladder Syndrome

Key points Continence is determined by the balance between forces that maintain urethral closure and those that affect detrusor function. Parasympathetic nervous system activity via the neurotransmitter acetylcholine stimulates receptors in the bladder wall to activate detrusor contraction. Sympathetic nervous…