12.1 Introduction of 3D exoscopes in reconstructive microsurgery Exoscopic technology was first introduced in free flap reconstruction in 2017. In particular, Piatkowski et al. described their experience in breast reconstruction with a bilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. The authors highlighted…
3.1 The introduction of exoscopes in microlaryngeal surgery The use of the operating microscope in laryngology was first introduced in 1960 by Scalco, Shipman, and Tabb in New Orleans, United States. In their work, they described the applicability of a…
2.1 Role and importance of education in microsurgery Microsurgery was first introduced in the otolaryngology field at the beginning of the 900s. In 1921, a monocular microscope with a high magnification was first used in ear surgery for the need…
1.1 Introduction Microsurgical procedures have been developed during the last decades in several specialties. The operating microscope was indeed extensively used to perform fine and delicate surgeries in many fields. In particular, ENT surgeons usually perform ear, microlaryngeal, and skull…