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Objectives This chapter will: 1. Present a rationale for use of modified ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiac surgery. 2. Review the pathophysiologic changes leading to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome with use of cardiopulmonary bypass. 3. Summarize the benefits of modified…

History Stensen, in 1672, described for the first time the anatomic features of what is now termed tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). In 1888, Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot published his findings describing the four features of the congenital cardiac anomaly that bears…