Introduction While coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension are common comorbidities in diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), relatively less attention has been paid to the interaction between CAD and diastolic dysfunction. This chapter is devoted…
Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Rebecca Lynn Baumann, who was the author of this chapter in the previous edition. Definitions Diastolic dysfunction can be defined as an abnormality in the ability of the left ventricle to fill…
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Drs. Zhao, Rigolin, and Goldstein, who were the authors of this chapter in a previous edition. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and often fatal disease. In the United States,…
Basic Concepts Four modalities of Doppler echocardiography are currently available for use with a wide variety of applications: pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler, continuous-wave (CW) Doppler, color-flow imaging, and tissue Doppler imaging. The various Doppler modalities each complement M-mode and two-dimensional (2D)…
Historically, M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography was the first effective modality for the ultrasonic evaluation of the heart. M-mode echocardiography provides an ice pick, one-dimensional (1D; depth only) view of the heart. , The ultrasound echoes reflected from the various cardiac…