Introduction Diffuse lung diseases are often detected and initially evaluated on chest radiographs (CXR). A CXR can provide valuable clues regarding pulmonary pathology such as the lung volume, distribution, and characterization of abnormalities. Radiographs assess lung volumes and distribution of…
Introduction The genus Mycobacterium contains numerous acid-fast staining aerobic bacilli that result in a variety of infections in human hosts. Pulmonary infections by Mycobacterium spp. are characterized as tuberculous (TB) mycobacterial infection and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection . Tuberculous Mycobacterial…
Normal Anatomy Trachea and Main Bronchi The trachea is a midline cartilaginous and fibromuscular tubular structure that extends from the inferior aspect of the cricoid cartilage to the carina. The intrathoracic length of the trachea normally ranges from 6 to…
▪ Pleural Anatomy The pleura is a stroma supported by the mesothelial lining of the thoracic cavity. It is composed of two layers: an inner visceral pleura and an outer parietal pleura. The visceral pleura lines the lungs and their…