Online resources have exploded in the last decade, providing a sometimes bewildering array of information, which varies greatly in quality and annotation. Although this provides free access to an unparalleled depth and breadth of content, search engines yield indiscriminate lists…
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Introduction Endometrial adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors derived from endometrial glandular epithelial cells. Most maintain a resemblance to endometrial glands (‘endometrioid’) but even in these cases mucinous or squamous differentiation occurs frequently. A much less common group of…
Introduction and Terminology The meaningful resolution of endometrial hyperplasias, a mixed group of diseases, has challenged pathologists for decades. Long envisioned as a continuous spectrum of morphologic changes of increasing severity, in reality they encompass only two discrete disease states,…
Inflammatory and Infectious Processes Infections of the gynecologic tract are relatively common, and cause an enormous health impact. It is estimated that there are 19 million cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States, with a total healthcare…
Components of the Normal Endometrium The mucosal lining of the uterus consists of glands, stroma, and blood vessels. The function of the endometrium is to form a receptive site for pregnancy. This is initially accomplished through a nutrient effect of…
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is now understood to be the underlying cause of squamous carcinogenesis in the cervix. Older diagnostic classifications of preinvasive disease based purely on descriptive correlation of histology with clinical behavior included dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (CIS;…
Chapter Outline Disorders of Genital Differentiation (Disorders Generally Associated with a Normal Chromosome Constitution and Normal Gonad) 18 Female Pseudohermaphroditism (Female Intersex) 18 Male Pseudohermaphroditism (Male Intersex) 22 Disorders of Sex Determination (Disorders Associated with Abnormal Sex Chromosomes and Abnormal…