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Historical perspective The first endoscopic technique for evaluating the female urethra and bladder was described by Bozzini in 1805 and used candlelight reflected through a funnel in the urethra. Nineteenth-century refinements to this crude instrument included a surrounding cannula and,…
Instrumentation The rigid urethroscope is a modification of the cystoscope, designed exclusively for evaluation of the urethra ( Fig. 120.1 ). Because it is primarily a diagnostic instrument, it does not have a bridge. The telescope is shorter and has…