Key Points Arytenoid adduction mimics the action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle to internally rotate the arytenoid to close the glottis. Arytenoid adduction is indicated for the treatment of laryngeal incompetence in patients with unilateral laryngeal paralysis. Arytenoid adduction can…
Key Points Evaluation of the larynx and pharynx is a multidisciplinary endeavor that may involve otolaryngologists, neurologists, speech-language pathologists, and radiologists. Normal functions of the larynx include regulation of respiratory mechanics, airway protection during deglutition, and phonation. Normal function of…
Key Points The upper aerodigestive tract serves the competing functions of respiration and swallowing. The anterior ends of the vocal folds are fixed at the anterior commissure. All motion of the vocal folds is caused by muscles that move the…