Among many physiologic adaptations for the survival of humans at birth, cardiorespiratory adaptation is by far the most crucial. The respiratory and circulatory systems must be developed sufficiently in utero for the newborn infant to withstand drastic changes at birth—from…
Introduction In the past few decades, new scientific knowledge of physiology and pharmacology in developing humans and technologic advancements in equipment and monitoring have markedly changed the practice of pediatric anesthesia. In addition, further emphasis on patient safety (e.g., correct…
Among many physiologic adaptations for the survival of humans at birth, cardiorespiratory adaptation is by far the most crucial. The respiratory and circulatory systems must be developed sufficiently in utero for the newborn infant to withstand drastic changes at birth—from…
Introduction In the past few decades, new scientific knowledge of physiology and pharmacology in developing humans and technologic advancements in equipment and monitoring have markedly changed the practice of pediatric anesthesia. In addition, further emphasis on patient safety (e.g., correct…