Erica Kreismann Archives

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Abnormal vaginal bleeding in the non-pregnant patient

Essentials 1 Start the assessment of any patient with vaginal bleeding by excluding pregnancy. 2 Locate the anatomical site of bleeding and assess the severity looking for signs of hypovolemia and shock. 3 Familiarize yourself with the PALM-COEIN classification system.…

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Essentials 1 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is infection and/or inflammation of the upper genital tract. 2 The clinical features cover a spectrum of presentations that depend on the extent of infection and/or inflammation, the anatomical structures involved and the specific…