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Introduction The pharynx is a fibromuscular tube situated directly anterior to the vertebral column. It extends from the skull base to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. It comprises a group of six muscles that are predominantly responsible for…

Embryology and Development of Temporal Bone The ear consists of three major components, the external, middle, and internal ear. Embryologically the ear has a dual development with development of the inner ear structures (internal auditory canal [IAC], cochlea, vestibule, and…