Brainstem Brainstem anatomy includes associated connections with the cerebellum, spinal cord, and hemispheres. In addition, cranial nerve anatomy and function are integral to brainstem anatomy. Clinical diagnosis of brainstem dysfunction requires an understanding of motor and sensory pathways through the…
Basal Ganglia The basal ganglia are composed of the following deep nuclei, which have complex interrelationships: ■ Globus pallidus ■ Putamen ■ Caudate nucleus ■ Subthalamic nucleus ■ Claustrum ■ Substantia nigra The neostriatum consists of the putamen and caudate…
Introduction The cerebral hemispheres contain the very essence of our being. They allow us to speak, form complex thought, interact with the world, have interpersonal relationships, understand humor, and more. They accomplish this through complex organization and specificity. A theme…
Neuroanatomy is an enormous field, with textbooks devoted solely to the subject. In this book, we presume the reader has a foundation in basic neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Here we will take the clinical approach to neuroanatomy. We will organize by…
Purpose The principal reason for documenting the history and examination findings is communication, whether with other providers, with patients, or with themselves when they see the patient again in a future encounter. These different communications used to have different content—a…
Synthesis of assessment and plan includes methods to determine the information we want to convey as well as the method for presenting the information. We will consider these separately. Development of the Assessment and Plan Assessment is formulated by considering…
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