Efthymios D. Avgerinos Archives

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Pulmonary Embolism: Presentation, Natural History, and Treatment

Introduction Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a partial or complete occlusion of the pulmonary arteries, with hemodynamic consequences determined by the size and location of the embolus, preexisting cardiopulmonary disease, and the severity of ventilation and oxygenation compromise. Acute PE…

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Introduction Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, nonatheromatous, noninflammatory, proliferative disease of the musculature of arterial walls, first described in 1938 as a rare cause of renovascular hypertension with a “string-of-beads” appearance. The pathogenesis is still unknown, but up to…