Introduction Over a quarter million women in the United States are diagnosed with breast cancer annually, with over 3.6 million women living with a personal history of breast cancer. Through improvements in detection, advances in adjuvant therapies, and overall increased…
The aberrations of normal development and involution (ANDI) classification of benign breast disorder (BBD) provides an overall framework for benign conditions of the breast that encompasses both pathogenesis and the degree of abnormality. It is a bidirectional framework based on…
Paired mammary glands, or breasts, are a distinguishing feature of mammals. These glands evolved as milk-producing organs to provide nourishment to the offspring, in a relatively immature and dependent state, with embryonic development in utero. The organ develops from the…
As the most commonly occurring neoplastic disease of the female gender, breast cancer is recognized internationally as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality for women. Despite centuries of theoretical meanderings and scientific inquiry, breast cancer remains the most dreaded of…