Key Concepts Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is one of the most common infectious causes of corneal blindness. HSV keratitis has multiple presentations that can be challenging for clinicians. The main corneal manifestations include infectious epithelial keratitis, neurotrophic keratopathy, necrotizing…
Key Concepts Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare disorder associated with systemic plasminogen deficiency. Only type I hypoplasminogenemia (reduction in plasminogen level and activity) has been shown to cause any form of pseudomembranous disease. The most common manifestation of systemic plasminogen…
Key Concepts Although historically considered as part of a continuum of vesiculobullous disease, erythema multiforme is currently thought to be a disease entity separate from Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). SJS and TEN are potentially blinding conditions.…
Key Concepts Recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) syndrome is a common clinical entity that can be frustrating to both patients (due to cyclical symptoms) and treating clinicians (due to difficulty in diagnosis and treatment). Although most patients can be diagnosed based…
Key Concepts Tear film stability is essential to maintaining ocular surface health. Lipids, mucins, and aqueous are the major components. There has been a shift from a strict three-layer model to understanding the tear film as a single dynamic functional…