Introduction Head and neck specimens are technically difficult because they often comprise a lot of different anatomic structures and corresponding surgical margins. In the following text, some practical guidelines are given that may be useful when confronted with these specimens.…
The occurrence of a cervical mass is a rather common event in a wide variety of conditions, including congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. The disease process may be located within lymph nodes or in the soft tissues of the head…
Development and Anatomy Embryology The oropharyngeal membrane divides the primitive oral cavity from the primitive pharynx. The oral cavity structures originating external to the oropharyngeal membrane are of ectodermal derivation; those arising internal to the oropharyngeal membrane are of endodermal…
Anatomic Relationships and Barriers or Pathways for Tumor Spread in the Hypopharynx and Larynx Hypopharynx The hypopharynx is in continuity with the oropharynx and extends from the level of the hyoid bone to the opening of the esophagus. It is…
General Introduction There is considerable literature on all aspects of precursor lesions for squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). Most data are specific to oral and laryngeal lesions. A common feature of all these precursor lesions, irrespective…