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Overview The first liver transplantation was performed in 1963, with posttransplant survival reaching 1 year in 1968. Subsequent use of immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, coupled with improved surgical techniques, has resulted in 1-year survival rates exceeding 90%. The…

Vascular abnormalities of the liver discussed in this chapter are divided into the following broad categories: portal hypertension, hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), Budd–Chiari syndrome, sinusoidal obstructive syndrome, and congenital vascular anomalies of the liver. Portal Hypertension Overview. Portal hypertension is defined…