Overview The approaches to examination of patients by clinical providers has evolved with the growth of medical knowledge and expectations of quality care. Though still primarily relying on their senses, physicians have been adding basic equipment (e.g., scale, stethoscope) and…
Overview Recent innovations in local tissue rearrangement and free tissue transfer have altered surgical approaches from simple wound care or amputation to optimal functional and aesthetic repair. Survival of transferred tissue remains a concern in trauma patients. , Apart from…
Overview Besides encompassing specific focused techniques, the holistic approach (HOLA) ultrasound concept, introduced in Chapter 1 , promotes generic scanning of any body part (head-to-toe ultrasound imaging) as modulated by current clinical indications. Any ultrasound view obtained through the skin…
Throughout the 5 decades of human space flight, the space medical support systems provided for onboard treatment of minor medical events and evacuation of the seriously ill or injured to Earth. In the absence of adequate objective information, however, it…
Overview Children and neonates are ideal candidates for the implementation of the holistic approach (HOLA) critical care ultrasound concept (see Chapter 1 ). This is mainly due to their small body size, which permits the fast application of all possible…
Anatomy The oval-shaped kidneys, measuring 9 to 15 cm in length and 4 to 6 cm in width, are located in retroperitoneum between the 12th thoracic and 4th lumbar vertebrae, just lateral to the psoas muscles. The kidneys are surrounded…
Overview Abdominal ultrasound can be used to obtain images of the hepatobiliary, urogenital, and pelvic structures. The approach to the urogenital system, point-of-care pelvic ultrasound, focused assessment with sonography for trauma, and other subjects are discussed in Chapter 42, Chapter…
Overview In critical care, the goals of hemodynamic monitoring include mainly detection of cardiovascular insufficiency and diagnosis of the underlying pathophysiology. At the bedside, clinicians are faced with the challenge of translating concepts such as preload, contractility, and afterload into…
Overview Ultrasound is the only imaging modality, apart from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that provides real-time functional and structural information on the beating heart. However, modeling moving cardiovascular structures is a complex process that requires three- dimensional (3D) reconstruction of…
Ultrasound-guided vascular access (UGVA) was introduced in the preceding chapter. This chapter highlights a few tips for novices as well as additional techniques and innovations that would assist skilled operators in definitively identifying the target vessel and improving catheterization in…