Tag Deepak K. Gupta

Introduction Mechanical circulatory support is increasing in the acute and chronic management of heart failure patients. Both short-term and longer-term support ventricular assist devices (VADs) are in clinical use. Echocardiography may help guide patient selection as well as placement, optimization,…

Introduction With each cardiac cycle, the left and right atria act as reservoirs, conduits, and pumps for blood traveling from the pulmonary and systemic veins into the ventricles. Normally functioning atria are compliant, with the ability to accommodate dynamic changes…