Essentials 1 Most calcaneal fractures are intra-articular; they are associated with a Bohler angle of less than 20 degrees and are at risk of developing compartment syndrome. 2 Major talar fractures have a significant risk of subsequent avascular necrosis. 3…
Essentials 1 Ankle injuries are common and occur as isolated injuries or in relation to high-energy multitrauma. 2 Lateral malleolar fractures are the most common ankle fracture. 3 The Ottawa ankle rules (OAR) are used to determine the need for…
Essentials 1 Tibial shaft fractures are the commonest long bone fracture, with the subcutaneous nature of the tibia leaving it vulnerable to open injury. 2 Neurovascular injury and compartment syndrome are risks in tibial shaft fractures. 3 Proximal fibular fractures…
Essentials 1 The knee is the most commonly injured joint in the body. 2 Knee injuries often occur in the young, usually associated with sport. 3 The mechanism of injury is an essential part of the history. 4 Immediate joint…