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Synopsis ■ Brachial plexus injuries (BPI) are characterized by many complex problems and remain a dilemma to many reconstructive microsurgeons. These complexities include: (1) diverse injury patterns; (2) disrupted anatomy; (3) unpredictable nerve degeneration and regeneration; (4) difficult physical examination…
Introduction The surgical management of adult brachial plexus injury (A-BPI) reconstruction has evolved substantially over the last century. The advancement of the operative microscope and surgical loupe magnification, micro-instruments and stitches, nerve stimulators, chemistry, molecular biology, and pharmacology has enabled…