Tag C. Huie Lin

Unwanted Vascular Communications: Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Coronary Fistulas, Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations, and Aortopulmonary Collaterals

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coronary fistulas, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), and aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs) represent unwanted vascular communications that can potentially cause severe clinical sequelae such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, or even endarteritis. Although surgical ligation or expectant management…