Ephelide Clinical features Ephelides (freckles) are extremely common lesions that present as clusters of small (approximately 2.0 mm in diameter), uniformly pigmented macules ( Fig. 25.1 ). They are directly related to exposure to sunlight and are much more conspicuous in…
Lupus erythematosus Lupus erythematosus is a complex disorder associated with numerous clinical signs and symptoms and a wide range of laboratory abnormalities. It shows a spectrum of varying prognoses, ranging from a benign, solely cutaneous variant (localized discoid) through to…
Inflammatory diseases of the subcutaneous fat are a source of considerable confusion and often cause diagnostic difficulty to clinicians and pathologists alike. This stems in part from the use of classifications and clinical descriptions based on time-honored but outdated literature.…
Blisters, which are clinically subdivided into vesicles (L. vesicula , dim. of vesica , bladder) and bullae (L. bubble), are defined as accumulations of fluid either within or below the epidermis and mucous membranes. Although somewhat arbitrary, the term ‘vesicle’…