Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive disease that affects millions of people worldwide and approximately 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1200 Hispanic Americans. It is caused by a β-globin gene mutation, resulting in systemic complications…
Acknowledgments The authors thank Drs. Amit V. Patel and Gillian Murtagh for their contributions to the previous edition of this chapter. Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in multiple organs. Although its cause…
Cardiovascular disease, in particular coronary artery disease (CAD), remains the leading cause of death worldwide. There is also enormous burden on health care systems. Annually, 10 million stress tests and 1 million invasive cardiac angiograms (ICAs) are performed in the…