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Key points Although the incidence of rheumatic heart diseases has decreased, mitral stenosis (MS) remains prevalent in developed countries. It is common and underdiagnosed in developing countries. Calcific MS is the consequence of extensive mitral annular calcification, the prevalence of…
Key Points The efficacy, safety, and applicability of the Inoue balloon technique make it the point of reference for percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC). Technical experience is essential for the safety of the procedure and the selection of patients. PMC provides…