Introduction Patellar instability remains a problematic entity in the athletic patient population. Most studies agree that adolescent females represent the highest risk group of patients for first-time patellofemoral dislocation. Treatment of patellar instability must be individualized, with care taken to…
Introduction Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common sports-related knee conditions. , Patellofemoral pain is characterized by pain around or behind the patella during activities that load the patellofemoral joint, such as squatting, stair ambulation, running, jumping, and prolonged…
Introduction Meniscal tears and cartilage injuries are common issues in the knee of a female athlete. As female athletes are significantly more likely to suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), tears they are also prone to associated injuries to their meniscus…
Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is of major concern in the field of sports medicine and orthopedics. From 2002 to 2014 the rate of ACL reconstructions has increased by 22%. Those who experience ACL injury experience significant deficits in…
Introduction Since the passing of Title IX in 1972, female participation in sports at every level has increased tremendously and continues to grow. , With that, however, the prevalence of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries has also greatly increased in the female…
Introduction and Epidemiology In spite of years of research and evolving techniques, rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) continues to represent one of the most common traumatic injuries in competitive sports. Female athletes have been noted to be at…
Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common injuries seen by orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine specialists. Annually in the United States, there are 68.6 isolated ACL tears per 100,000 person-years. Worldwide there are roughly 1.4…
Introduction Important morphologic differences have been found between the female and male knee. In addition to these anatomic differences, there are also significant neuromuscular differences between genders. This chapter outlines these differences, as they specifically pertain to the female athlete…
Introduction Ultramarathon races represent any foot race longer than 42 km and can occur over single or multiple days. As the popularity of ultramarathon racing continues to grow throughout the world, there are an increasing number of races and participants,…
Introduction Evidence suggests as little as 15 minutes a day of aerobic exercise improves health outcomes and helps prevent and manage common chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Running has only recently been studied in risk factor reduction…