Following a head injury the imaging examination of choice is CT . Plain film skull radiography (SXR) has in the main been abandoned or its use radically reduced as a first line imaging test both in children and in adults…
A skull X-ray (SXR) continues to have an important role when there is suspicion of non-accidental injury (NAI) in an infant or a toddler . The primary indication for a SXR in these patients is forensic . Be careful: ▪…
Paediatric Points addressed in other chapters Chapter 3 , pp. 35–46 : Skull—suspected NAI. Chapter 6 , pp. 92–93 : Shoulder. Chapter 7 , pp. 95–114 : Elbow. Chapter 13 , pp. 214–215, 224–226 : Pelvis. Chapter 17 , pp.…
Introduction Patients with traumatic injuries can be placed into one of three major groups. The imaging approach will differ between these groups. Polytrauma (in which one injury may be life threatening) ▪ Imaging: Strict local protocols and algorithms utilising early…
Increasing emphasis on tailoring of cancer treatment strategies to individual patients (i.e., personalized medicine) has enabled development of multiple therapeutic options in the management of malignant diseases of the abdomen and pelvis. In particular, in patients with malignant hepatic and…
Monitoring the response of tumors to treatment has become an integral component of oncologic imaging. Imaging studies play a vital role in objective assessment by quantifying tumor response to a variety of physical and pharmaceutical treatments. Traditionally, therapeutic response has…
Etiology Abdominal wall hernias, or external hernias (where abdominal contents protrude beyond the abdominal cavity), include inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional, spigelian, epigastric, lumbar, and obturator hernias. All abdominal wall hernias consist of a peritoneal sac that protrudes through a weakness…
Cross-sectional imaging modalities including ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonancy imaging (MRI) provide good anatomic detail of the abdominal wall and allow evaluation of pathologic processes in this area. Ultrasonography is frequently used as the first imaging modality to…
Non-neoplastic Conditions of the Peritoneum In many of the diseases discussed in this chapter the diagnosis is often initially raised on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, in most cases, it is not possible to make a…
Peritoneal Fluid Collections Etiology Ascites is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. There are numerous causes of ascites, including congenital, infective, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. In the United States the most common causes are liver disease and…