KEY FACTS Terminology Gallstones: Concretions within biliary system [gallbladder (GB) and biliary ducts] Cholesterol stones (75-80%) Pigment stones (20-25%) – "Black" stones in sterile GB; small; common in cirrhosis and hemolytic states – "Brown" stones in infected bile (e.g., recurrent…
KEY FACTS Terminology Repeated bouts of cholangitis, intra- and extrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation, and biliary calculi, typically in inhabitants of or immigrants from Southeast Asia You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited…
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KEY FACTS Terminology Caroli disease : Congenital, multifocal, segmental, saccular dilation of large intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs) Type V choledochal cyst (Todani classification) Caroli syndrome (more common variant): Cystic bile duct dilation plus hepatic fibrosis (± portal hypertension) You’re Reading…
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KEY FACTS Terminology Variants and artifacts that may simulate pathology or potentially complicate hepatobiliary surgical procedures Imaging Congenital anomalies of gallbladder (GB) Anomalies of number, shape, or position Most are of no clinical significance but may make surgery more difficult…
Imaging Indications and Protocols Oral and IV cholangiography have been supplanted by newer cross-sectional imaging and cholescintigraphy. MR hepatobiliary IV contrast agents may be used to supplement CT or MR cholangiography. Cholescintigraphy is a nuclear medicine study used to evaluate…
KEY FACTS Imaging Multiphasic CT or MR are 1st-line tests Accuracy: Helical CT (~ 80%), MR and PET (~ 90%) Hepatic lymphoma Diffuse low density on CT may mimic steatosis – Easily distinguished from steatosis on MR Multiple well-defined, homogeneous,…