Free-living amebae (FLAs) are aerobic, eukaryotic protists that comprise several genera. Clinically apparent infection of humans with FLAs is an infrequent but often fatal occurrence in both normal and immunocompromised individuals. Central nervous system (CNS) invasion by Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba…
Entamoeba histolytica is an invasive enteric protozoan parasite that is the cause of amebiasis. Entamoeba histolytica is morphologically indistinguishable from three other species of human intestinal amebae, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, and the more recently described Entamoeba bangladeshi. E. dispar…
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Pneumocystis was discovered in 1909 in Brazil by Carlos Chagas, who mistakenly interpreted the organism as a trypanosome. In 1912 Pierre and Eugénie Delanöe, in Paris, identified Pneumocystis as a separate genus and species and named the organism in honor…
Scedosporium Apiospermum ( Pseudallescheria Boydii ) Species Complex In humans, infection with Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium boydii (formerly Pseudallescheria boydii ) and Scedosporium aurantiacum (collectively, the S. apiospermum species complex) can produce two distinct diseases: mycetoma and scedosporiosis (pseudallescheriasis). Mycetoma is…
Description of the Pathogen Until 2006 the genus Paracoccidioides was thought to consist of a single species, P. brasiliensis, considered the sole etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. At present however, molecular and genetic studies have revealed that this genus includes a…
The superficial fungal infections include some of the most common infectious conditions, such as ringworm, tinea corporis, and pityriasis versicolor, and rare disorders such as tinea nigra. Their prevalence varies in different parts of the world, but in many tropical…
Although the systemic fungal infection now known as coccidioidomycosis has been recognized for more than a century, its endemic domains continue to be expanded. A medical intern is credited with first identifying in 1892 a patient who had widespread disease.…
Revised October 30, 2020 The etiologic agents of blastomycosis belong to a group of fungi that are characterized by thermal dimorphism. Advances in genomics and phylogenetics have expanded the number of Blastomyces species to include B. dermatitidis, B. gilchristii, B.…