Introduction Biases exist at every level of the clinical encounter, and numerous studies have documented their impact on cognitive errors and clinical outcomes. Although bias can be most obvious in the direct clinician patient relationship, it occurs structurally and at…
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General Considerations Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products, taken from around the world, that fall outside the realm of conventional medicine. Many aspects of CAM are rooted in…
Responses to Illness Health is characterized by a state of well-being, enthusiasm, and energetic pursuit of life's goals. Illness is characterized by feelings of discomfort, helplessness, and a diminished interest in the future. Once patients recognize that they are ill…
Basic Principles Good communication skills are the foundation of excellent medical care. Even with the exciting new technology that has appeared since 2000, communicative behavior is still paramount in the care of patients. Studies have shown that good communication improves…
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An emergency situation, whether it is unresponsiveness, an acute medical condition, drug overdose, or trauma, requires a change in the usual sequence of history taking and examination. Life-threatening conditions, such as airway obstruction, cardiac arrest, hypovolemic shock, and respiratory failure,…
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This chapter asks that you integrate all you have learned about interviewing, building a history, and performing the physical examination. It offers a suggested approach and sequence for performing all steps of the physical examination. However, each patient presents with…