Introduction Presurgical planning is a broad term, encompassing everything from simple visualization of two-dimensional (2D) radiographic images to a true rehearsal of complex three-dimensional (3D) surgical movements based on computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Over the last…
Introduction Background Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is an essential component of the multidisciplinary treatment of gender dysphoria. First described by Ousterhout in the 1980s, FFS has become increasingly common following recent approval of Medicare reimbursement for gender confirming surgery. ,…
Introduction Surgical treatment of maxillo-mandibular tumors aims for in-sano resection. Besides information about dignity (benign/malignant) and entity of the tumor provided via specimen taking and histopathological examination, the extent of the tumor is crucial for surgical treatment planning. Tumor extent…
Introduction The cranio-orbital region is a complex anatomical area that accommodates structures of great functional importance such as the brain, the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, the optic nerves, and chiasm or the globe. This region can be…
Introduction Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures are one of the most common facial fractures, second only to nasal bone fractures. , The ZMC plays a key functional and aesthetic role for the face—the zygomatic arch serves as the cranial insertion point…
Introduction Repair of traumatic mandibular fractures is a complex process requiring assessment of the degree of comminution, extent of soft tissue injury and restoration of preinjury occlusion. Traditionally, mandibular trauma is managed via intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and open reduction-internal fixation…
Introduction Several indications necessitate posttraumatic orbital reconstruction. For example, restrictive diplopia secondary to entrapment of extraocular muscles can lead to irreversible muscle ischemia and necrosis within hours, thus requiring emergent surgery. In particular, pediatric patients are especially susceptible to extraocular…
Introduction Craniofacial surgery commonly involves carefully orchestrated surgery between plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons and other specialists. In some cases, the neurosurgeons provide a craniotomy for access to the midface. For example, correction of orbital hypertelorism or monobloc frontofacial advancement. In other…
Introduction Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) remains a mainstay of surgical treatment for Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS). Three-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has revolutionized our ability to visualize, plan, and execute surgical treatment within craniofacial surgery. In…
Introduction Craniofacial microsomia is a congenital anomaly that results in the underdevelopment of one half or both sides of the face. It occurs in approximately 1:3000 to 1:5000 live births. Treatment of this condition can involve multiple operations to augment…