Plant Dermatitis Joao Paulo Niemeyer-Corbellini Omar Lupi Laila Klotz Livia Montelo Synonym Plant dermatitis Key Points Plant dermatitis may be produced by different plant species. It is increasing in incidence worldwide. It may be classified as mechanical injury, primary irritant (toxic) dermatitis, allergic phytodermatitis,…
Introduction Pigmentation refers to pigment formation in tissues. Abnormal accumulation or decreased / absent pigment causes skin pigmentation disorders that present as hyperchromic (hyperpigmentation) or hypochromic / achromic (leukoderma) lesions, respectively. The disorders may be caused by genetic, metabolic, endocrine, nutritional, neoplastic, chemical, physical,…
Introduction The term pemphigus describes a group of autoimmune vesicobullous diseases where autoantibodies are directed against the ectodomains of the desmosomic strutures of the epidermis, culminating in keratinocyte detachment (acantholysis) and intraepithelial blister formation. Autoantibodies against stratified epithelial-specific desmosomal glycoproteins…
Obesity Synonym Excess weight Key Points Overweight. Body mass index (BMI). Introduction Obesity is an excess of body fat in comparison with the lean mass of the body as a consequence of a chronic instability between energy ingestion and expenditure.…
Key Points The female adult flea ( Tunga penetrans ) burrows into epidermis, mostly of the feet, and grows by 2000-fold within 3–7 days. The embedded sand flea causes intense inflammation with pain and itching, resulting in acute and chronic…
Key Points Infestation of vertebrates with dipterous larvae. Anatomic (bloodsucking, cutaneous, or cavitary) or ecological (obligatory, facultative, or accidental) classification. Cutaneous manifestations include furuncular, migratory, and wound myiasis. Dermatobia hominis and Cordylobia anthropophaga are the most common causative agents of…
Key Points Blood-sucking parasites specialized to certain types of human hair. Body but not hair lice transmit typhus and trench fever. Highest prevalence is in Caucasians owing to their more cylindrical hair structure. Nits are cemented to hair shafts predominantly…
Key Points Ectoparasite spread from person. Endemicity disease and epidemics relaxed to overcrowding and poverty. Female mite burrows into epidermis and lays eggs. Rash and itch result from papules / vesicles of individual mite in burrows plus secondary more generalized papular immune…
Anthrax Stephen K. Tyring Synonyms Bacillus anthracis toxins Key Points Anthrax is a fatal disease in domestic livestock and in wild herbivores. Humans are usually infected incidentally. Most human disease is cutaneous, followed by oral–oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, and inhalational. Disease is mediated…
Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) Claudia Pires Amaral Maia Christiane Maria De Castro Dani Synonyms Lyme disease (LD), cutaneous borreliosis, borreliosis, borrelial lymphocytoma, lymphadenosis cutis benigna, erythema chronicum migrans, erythema migrans, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans Key Points This anthropozoonosis is endemic in North America and…